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Cannabis sativa ssp. indica

Authority (Lam.) E. Small & Cronq. Family Magnoliopsida:Dilleniidae:Urticales:Cannabaceae Synonyms Cannabis sativa L. Common names asa, canamo, canapa, chanvre, hampa, hanf, hemp, hennep, kannab, kender, kenop, konoplya Editor Ecocrop code 4127

Notes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION A robust, tall, erect herb reaching a height of up to 1-5 m. USES The plant provides fibre from the stems, oil from the seeds, and narcotics from the leaves and flowers. Generally the plant is grown for fibre in temperate areas and for drugs in the tropics. The fibers is used as a substitute for flax in the manifacture of yarns and twines. The drying oil is used as a substitute for linseed oil in paints and varnishes. The plant yields three types of narcotics. Bhang, or hashish, is the dried leaves and flower shoots from the male and female plants. Ganja is the dried unfertilized female inflorescences of speciel cultivars grown in India. Charas is the crude resin collected from the tops of the plants. KILLING T A temperature of 0°C for a long duration may kill the plant. GROWING PERIOD Annual, require 90-150 days for the production of fiber and up to 170 days to mature seeds. Harvesting for fiber is done when the plants first flower. COMMON NAMES Indian Hemp, Italian hemp, Russian hemp, Soft hemp, Marihuana, Chanvre, Canamo. FURTHER INF Hemp is indigenous to central Asia or China. Heavy winds tend to lodge the crop. Optimum yield of hemp fibre is more than 2.0 t/ha, average yield 0.65 t/ha and a good yield of seed is about 1.0 t/ha, average 0.45 t/ha. For the production of narcotic resin, warm weather and tropical conditions are required.
Sources
SOURCES (C. sativa L.) Sims D (pers. comm.) Roecklein J 1987 pp 123 [USE] Rehm S 1991 pp 268 355 [USE] Dempsey J 1975 pp 46-89 [TEMP, KTMP, RAIN, DRA, LIMIT, DEP, DRA, TEXT, PH, FER, PHO] Purseglove J 1974 pp 40-44 [TEMP, FER, TEXT, PHO] Duke J 1975 pp 10 [PH, RAIN, TEMP] Kernick M 1961 pp 228 Onwueme I 1991 pp 391-393 [TEMP, DRA, FER, TEXT] Kirkby R 1963 pp 46-61 [USE, RAIN, FER, PH, DRA, TEXT]